The human nervous system is divided into two parts - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 16 - 2022
Question 16
The human nervous system is divided into two parts.
Name each of these parts.
(ii) Draw a large diagram of a neuron and label the following parts:
dendrites; axon;... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The human nervous system is divided into two parts - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 16 - 2022
Step 1
Name each of these parts.
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Answer
The two parts of the human nervous system are:
Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Step 2
Draw a large diagram of a neuron and label the following parts: dendrites; axon; myelin sheath.
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Answer
A diagram of a neuron should include:
Cell Body: The main part of the neuron containing the nucleus.
Dendrites: Branch-like structures that receive signals from other neurons.
Axon: A long tail-like structure that transmits impulses away from the cell body.
Myelin Sheath: A fatty layer that insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of impulses.
Ensure that the diagram clearly shows these parts with labels.
Step 3
Distinguish between the function of an interneuron and a sensory neuron by writing a brief sentence on each.
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Answer
Interneuron:
Transmits impulses within the CNS from sensory to motor neurons.
Sensory Neuron:
Transmits impulses from sensory organs to the CNS.
Step 4
How is a nerve impulse conducted along a neuron?
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A nerve impulse is conducted along a neuron through the process of depolarization and repolarization of the neuron's membrane, leading to an all-or-nothing action potential that travels down the axon.
Step 5
Name the gap that exists between two neurons in close contact.
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The gap between two neurons in close contact is called the synaptic cleft.
Step 6
Give one possible cause for either paralysis or Parkinson's disease. In your answer, state clearly to which nervous system disorder you are referring.
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Answer
One possible cause for paralysis could be damage to the spinal cord or stroke. In contrast, Parkinson's disease may be caused by a decrease in dopamine levels due to aging or other valid causes.
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