The photographs are of the two scientists credited with the co-development of the theory of evolution by natural selection - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 17(a) - 2022

1. Evolution: This refers to genetic changes in populations in response to environmental conditions over time.
2. Species: A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.
3. Inherited: This means that traits are passed from parents to their offspring through genes.

Meiosis contributes to variation by rearranging genetic material. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes can exchange genetic material through a process known as crossing over, leading to new combinations of genes in the gametes. Additionally, the random assortment of chromosomes during meiosis further increases genetic diversity.

1. High Reproductive Rates: Organisms tend to produce more offspring than can survive.
2. Struggle for Survival: Due to limited resources, there is competition among individuals within a species for survival, where those with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
3. Survival of the Fittest: The individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to pass on their traits to the next generation, leading to gradual changes in the population.

Fossils or comparative embryology, or comparative anatomy are examples of evidence that supports the theory of natural selection, as they demonstrate the changes and adaptations in species over time.