SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus which led to a global COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 - Leaving Cert Biology - Question c - 2021
Question c
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus which led to a global COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A race to produce a vaccine began. The vaccine causes an immune response where ant... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus which led to a global COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 - Leaving Cert Biology - Question c - 2021
Step 1
Name two places in the body where mucous membrane linings are found.
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Answer
Mucous membrane linings are found in the respiratory tract and the digestive tract.
Step 2
Give the precise location in the body where lymphocytes are produced.
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Answer
Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow.
Step 3
Identify the specific type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies.
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B lymphocytes are the specific type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies.
Step 4
Identify one type of white blood cell, other than lymphocyte, that is involved in an immune response.
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Monocytes or macrophages are types of white blood cells involved in an immune response.
Step 5
Compare the antibody response after vaccine (A) and infection (B).
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Answer
The antibody response is fast after infection (B) compared to after vaccination (A). Initially, the number of antibodies produced is low after vaccination (A) but rises slowly afterward.
Step 6
Suggest a reason for your answer at part 1 above.
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Answer
After vaccination at A, there is a 'lag time' before antibodies are produced as the body takes time to recognize the vaccine. In contrast, after infection, the immune system responds more rapidly due to previous exposure.
Step 7
Identify the part of the virus that is recognised by antibodies.
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The part of the virus that is recognised by antibodies is the protein coat (capsid) or antigens.
Step 8
Explain why antibiotics are not prescribed to cure COVID-19.
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Antibiotics have no effect against viruses; they target bacteria. COVID-19 is caused by a virus, so antibiotics are ineffective in treating the infection.
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