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Answer the following questions in relation to the human musculoskeletal system - Leaving Cert Biology - Question a - 2008
Question a
Answer the following questions in relation to the human musculoskeletal system. (i) Give three roles of the skeleton. (ii) Explain what is meant by the axial skele... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Answer the following questions in relation to the human musculoskeletal system - Leaving Cert Biology - Question a - 2008
Step 1
Give three roles of the skeleton.
Answer
The skeleton serves several essential roles in the human body:
- Support: It provides a framework that supports the body and cradles its organs.
- Movement: The skeleton anchors muscles and facilitates movement when muscles contract.
- Protection: It protects vital organs such as the brain (cranium) and heart/lungs (rib cage).
Step 2
Explain what is meant by the axial skeleton.
Answer
The axial skeleton refers to the central part of the skeleton, which includes the vertebral column (spine), skull, and rib cage. It is crucial for protecting the brain and spinal cord, and it also serves as an attachment point for various muscles.
Step 3
Give a function for each of the following: 1. Red marrow 2. Cartilage 3. Tendon
Answer
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Red marrow: Its primary function is to produce blood cells (hematopoiesis).
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Cartilage: Provides cushioning and reduces friction at joints, while also allowing for bone elongation during growth.
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Tendon: Connects muscles to bones, transmitting the force generated by muscles to induce movement.
Step 4
Explain what is meant by an antagonistic muscle pair and give an example in the human body.
Answer
An antagonistic muscle pair consists of two muscles that have opposite effects on a joint. For instance, the biceps and triceps form an antagonistic pair: when the biceps contract to flex the elbow, the triceps relax; conversely, when the triceps contract to extend the elbow, the biceps relax.
Step 5
Suggest a treatment for a named disorder of the musculoskeletal system.
Answer
A common disorder of the musculoskeletal system is osteoporosis, characterized by weakened bones. A suggested treatment includes the use of bisphosphonates, which help to increase bone density and reduce the risk of fractures.