a) (i) Identify X and Y in the following equation which is a summary of aerobic respiration - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 13 - 2006
Question 13
a) (i) Identify X and Y in the following equation which is a summary of aerobic respiration.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → X + Y + 6H₂O
(ii) What is anaerobic respiration?
b) A... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:a) (i) Identify X and Y in the following equation which is a summary of aerobic respiration - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 13 - 2006
Step 1
(i) Identify X and Y in the following equation which is a summary of aerobic respiration.
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Answer
In the equation C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → X + Y + 6H₂O, we can identify X as oxygen (O₂) and Y as carbon dioxide (CO₂). This indicates that during aerobic respiration, glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is broken down in the presence of oxygen to release energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Step 2
(ii) What is anaerobic respiration?
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Answer
Anaerobic respiration is a form of respiration that occurs without the use of oxygen. It typically produces less energy compared to aerobic respiration and results in byproducts such as lactic acid in animals or ethanol and carbon dioxide in yeast.
Step 3
(i) Where in the cell does the first stage take place?
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Answer
The first stage of aerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Step 4
(ii) Does the first stage require oxygen?
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No, the first stage does not require oxygen; it is anaerobic.
Step 5
(iii) Comment on the amount of energy released in the first stage.
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The first stage releases a small amount of energy compared to the second stage.
Step 6
(iv) Where in the cell does the second stage take place?
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The second stage of aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.
Step 7
(v) Does the second stage require oxygen?
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Yes, the second stage requires oxygen to take place.
Step 8
(vi) Comment on the amount of energy released in the second stage.
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Answer
The second stage releases a large amount of energy, much greater than that released in the first stage.
Step 9
(vii) State two ways in which the energy that is released is used in the human body.
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The energy released is used for muscular activity and maintenance of body temperature. Additionally, it plays a role in the reabsorption of substances in the kidney.
Step 10
(i) Describe how you used yeast to produce alcohol (ethanol). Include a labelled diagram of the apparatus that you used.
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To produce alcohol using yeast, I set up an experiment involving a fermentation vessel containing a mixture of water, sugar, and yeast. The vessel was sealed to create an anaerobic environment. As the yeast ferments the sugar, it produces ethanol and carbon dioxide. A labelled diagram of the apparatus includes key components such as the fermentation lock, control valve, and incubating medium.
Step 11
(ii) How did you show that alcohol had been produced?
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To show that alcohol had been produced, I performed a test using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and potassium dichromate. The sample, when mixed with these reagents, would exhibit an initial orange colour, which would turn to green, indicating the presence of ethanol in the solution.
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