ATP and NAD / NADP+ play important roles in cell activities - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 12 - 2009
Question 12
ATP and NAD / NADP+ play important roles in cell activities.
(i) Name the substance X, formed by the loss of a phosphate group.
(ii) The ATP cycle is kept going by ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:ATP and NAD / NADP+ play important roles in cell activities - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 12 - 2009
Step 1
Name the substance X, formed by the loss of a phosphate group.
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Answer
The substance X formed by the loss of a phosphate group is ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate).
Step 2
The ATP cycle is kept going by Y. What is Y?
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Answer
Y represents the process of transferring electrons or protons during cellular respiration, which generates energy.
Step 3
Suggest a role for NAD / NADP in cell activities.
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NAD/NADP is crucial in cellular metabolism, mainly for capturing or transferring electrons or hydrogen ions, which is essential for various biochemical reactions.
Step 4
What name is given to the first stage of respiration?
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The first stage of respiration is called Glycolysis.
Step 5
The first stage ends with the formation of pyruvate (pyruvic acid). In anaerobic conditions, what is produced from this pyruvate:
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In yeast cells? - The pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide.
In muscle cells? - The pyruvate is converted to lactate (lactic acid).
Step 6
If conditions are aerobic, pyruvate next passes to an organelle in which the second stage of respiration takes place. Name this organelle.
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This organelle is the Mitochondrion.
Step 7
In this organelle pyruvate is broken down to CO₂ and a two-carbon compound. Name this two-carbon compound.
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The two-carbon compound formed is Acetyl (Co-enzyme A).
Step 8
Name the series of reactions and give one product, other than electrons, of these reactions.
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The series of reactions is the Krebs cycle, which produces carbon dioxide (CO₂) as one of its products.
Step 9
To what use is this energy put?
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This energy is primarily used in forming ATP, which serves as a key energy carrier in cells.
Step 10
At the end of the transport chain what happens to the electrons?
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At the end of the transport chain, the electrons are transferred to oxygen, resulting in the formation of water (H₂O).
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