13. (a) Where are the lungs located in the body?
(ii) Name two substances excreted by the lungs - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 13 - 2022
Question 13
13. (a) Where are the lungs located in the body?
(ii) Name two substances excreted by the lungs.
(b) The diagram shows the structure of the human breathing syste... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:13. (a) Where are the lungs located in the body?
(ii) Name two substances excreted by the lungs - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 13 - 2022
Step 1
Where are the lungs located in the body?
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Answer
The lungs are located inside the rib cage or thorax.
Step 2
Name two substances excreted by the lungs.
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Answer
The two substances excreted by the lungs are water and carbon dioxide.
Step 3
Name the parts A, B, C.
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Answer
A: Larynx (voice box), B: Bronchi, C: Bronchiole.
Step 4
What is the function of the trachea?
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Answer
The function of the trachea is to carry air in and out of the lungs.
Step 5
Name the two muscles involved in breathing.
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Answer
The two muscles involved in breathing are the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles.
Step 6
Name the small air-sacs in the lungs, located at the ends of structures C, in which gas exchange occurs.
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Answer
The small air-sacs in the lungs are called alveoli.
Step 7
Give two ways in which these air-sacs are adapted to carry out their function.
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The air-sacs (alveoli) are adapted by being thin-walled and surrounded by capillaries to facilitate gas exchange. They also have moisture to help dissolve gases.
Step 8
Write down the name of one of the conditions:
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Answer
Asthma.
Step 9
Give a symptom of the named condition.
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Answer
A symptom of asthma is difficulty breathing or tightening of muscles around the airways.
Step 10
Describe a cause.
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A cause of asthma can be the presence of cold air or dust allergens.
Step 11
Suggest a possible treatment.
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A possible treatment for asthma is using an inhaler or avoiding allergens.
Step 12
Describe how an athlete might have measured either breathing or pulse rate.
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An athlete might measure their pulse rate by counting the beats per minute at the wrist or neck after rest.
Step 13
What other steps should the athlete have carried out to complete the investigation?
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After measuring the resting rate, the athlete should exercise for a specific duration and then measure the breathing rate or pulse rate again.
Step 14
What is the effect of increased exercise on either breathing or pulse rate?
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The effect of increased exercise is an increase in both breathing rate and pulse rate.
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