a) (i) Define metabolism.
Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell or organism, including processes that break down molecules to obt... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:a) (i) Define metabolism - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 13 - 2021
Step 1
Define metabolism.
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Answer
Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell or organism, including processes that break down molecules to obtain energy and those that synthesize new molecules.
Step 2
Write a balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration.
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Answer
The balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration of a 6-carbon sugar is:
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O
Step 3
What name is given to stage 1 as shown on the diagram?
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Answer
The name given to stage 1 is Glycolysis.
Step 4
Identify molecule V which is released during stage 1.
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Molecule V is either ATP (adenosine triphosphate) or NADH.
Step 5
Describe how molecule V is made.
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Answer
Molecule V, ATP, is produced when ADP and inorganic phosphate combine through a process that requires energy input during glycolysis.
Step 6
Name the 3-carbon molecule formed in stage 1.
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The 3-carbon molecule formed in stage 1 is Pyruvic acid or pyruvate.
Step 7
Identify organelle W.
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Organelle W is the mitochondrion.
Step 8
Name the Z-carbon molecule X.
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The Z-carbon molecule X is Acetyl (co-enzyme A).
Step 9
Name the series of events represented by Y.
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Answer
The series of events represented by Y is the Krebs cycle.
Step 10
What substances is represented by the letter Z in the diagram?
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Answer
Substance Z is Lactic acid or Acetyl coenzyme A, depending on the pathway.
Step 11
Using your knowledge of respiration, compare the amount of energy released when oxygen is used and not used.
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Answer
When oxygen is used, higher energy yields are achieved, as aerobic respiration generates more ATP compared to anaerobic respiration, which yields low levels of ATP due to incomplete oxidation of substrates.
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