6. (a) Explain what is meant by fractionation in the oil refining process - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question 6 - 2009
Question 6
6. (a) Explain what is meant by fractionation in the oil refining process.
Select any two of the fractions below and state one common use of each of the chosen frac... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:6. (a) Explain what is meant by fractionation in the oil refining process - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question 6 - 2009
Step 1
Explain what is meant by fractionation in the oil refining process.
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Answer
Fractionation in the oil refining process refers to the technique of separating crude oil into various components or fractions based on their differing boiling points. Each fraction consists of specific hydrocarbons and is collected at distinct temperature ranges as the crude oil is heated in a distillation column. This allows for the extraction of valuable products such as gasoline, diesel, and other petrochemicals.
Step 2
Select any two of the fractions below and state one common use of each of the chosen fractions.
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Answer
Light Gasoline: Commonly used as petrol for vehicles.
Kerosene: Primarily used as aviation fuel for airplanes.
Step 3
What do the letters LPG stand for?
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LPG stands for Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
Step 4
Draw the structure of one of the two isomeric forms of C4H10.
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Answer
The structure of one isometric form of butane (C4H10) can be represented as follows:
CH3
|
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
|
H
This is the structure of isobutane (2-methylpropane).
Step 5
Why are mercaptans added to LPG?
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Mercaptans are added to LPG to provide a distinct odor, which serves as a safety measure. This is crucial because LPG is colorless and odorless in its natural state, making it difficult to detect leaks.
Step 6
Why is the use of patio heaters being discouraged by environmentalists?
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Answer
The use of patio heaters is being discouraged by environmentalists because they contribute to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Burning fossil fuels such as propane and butane releases carbon dioxide, which exacerbates climate change.
Step 7
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using hydrogen as a fuel.
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Advantage: Hydrogen is a clean and renewable fuel source, as its combustion produces only water vapor, resulting in minimal environmental impact.
Disadvantage: The production of hydrogen can be environmentally damaging if derived from fossil fuels, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions.
Step 8
State one industrial use of hydrogen other than its use as a fuel.
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Answer
One industrial use of hydrogen is in the manufacturing of ammonia, which is essential for fertilizers.
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