What are the three states of matter? Erupting volcanoes release rivers of hot molten rock that cool and solidify as they move away from the volcano cone. Compare the freedom of movement of the particles in the molten lava and the solidified rock. What term is used to describe the spreading out of smoke in air as shown in the photograph of the 2021 eruption of the Cumbre Vieja volcano in the Canary Islands? A sample of gas was collected from a hot volcano plume. At 20 °C and at atmospheric pressure this sample of gas had a volume of 1.5 litres. Calculate, correct to one decimal place, the volume occupied by this gas while still in the plume where the temperature was 750 °C and the pressure was also atmospheric pressure. Name the law you used to calculate your answer.

Leaving Cert Chemistry Gas Laws, Moles & Gas Properties: What are the three states of mat

What are the three states of matter? Erupting volcanoes release rivers of hot molten rock that cool and solidify as they move away from the volcano cone - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question b - 2022

Question b

What are the three states of matter? Erupting volcanoes release rivers of hot molten rock that cool and solidify as they move away from the volcano cone. Compare th... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:What are the three states of matter? Erupting volcanoes release rivers of hot molten rock that cool and solidify as they move away from the volcano cone - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question b - 2022

Step 1

What are the three states of matter?

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Answer

The three states of matter are:

Solid: In solids, particles are closely packed together and vibrate around fixed positions.
Liquid: In liquids, particles are less tightly packed than in solids and can slide around one another, allowing liquids to flow.
Gas: In gases, particles are far apart and move freely, with minimal interaction between them.

Step 2

Compare the freedom of movement of the particles in the molten lava and the solidified rock.

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Answer

In molten lava, the particles have increased freedom to move as they can slide around one another, resulting in a less rigid structure. Conversely, in solidified rock, the particles are unable to move freely and are fixed in place, leading to a rigid structure.

Step 3

What term is used to describe the spreading out of smoke in air?

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Answer

The term used to describe the spreading out of smoke in air is diffusion.

Step 4

Calculate the volume occupied by this gas while still in the plume.

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Answer

To calculate the volume occupied by the gas at a temperature of 750 °C, we will use the combined gas law:

$\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}$

Given:

$V_1 = 1.5 \text{ litres}$
$T_1 = 20 \degree C = 293 \text{ K}$
$T_2 = 750 \degree C = 1023 \text{ K}$

Assuming pressure is constant ( $P_1 = P_2$ ), we can simplify to: $V_2 = V_1 \times \frac{T_2}{T_1}$

Calculating:

$V_2 = 1.5 \times \frac{1023}{293} \approx 5.2 \text{ litres}$

Therefore, the volume occupied by the gas is 5.2 litres.

Step 5

Name the law you used to calculate your answer.

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Answer

The law used to calculate the volume is the combined gas law or Charles' law.

What are the three states of matter? Erupting volcanoes release rivers of hot molten rock that cool and solidify as they move away from the volcano cone - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question b - 2022

Worked Solution & Example Answer:What are the three states of matter? Erupting volcanoes release rivers of hot molten rock that cool and solidify as they move away from the volcano cone - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question b - 2022

What are the three states of matter?

Compare the freedom of movement of the particles in the molten lava and the solidified rock.

What term is used to describe the spreading out of smoke in air?

Calculate the volume occupied by this gas while still in the plume.

Name the law you used to calculate your answer.

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