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Distinguish between sigma (σ) and pi (π) covalent bonding. - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question g - 2010
Question g
Distinguish between sigma (σ) and pi (π) covalent bonding.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Distinguish between sigma (σ) and pi (π) covalent bonding. - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question g - 2010
Step 1
Sigma (σ) Bonding
Answer
Sigma (σ) bonding involves the end-on overlap of atomic orbitals. This type of bond is formed when two orbitals approach each other directly, allowing for a strong bond between the two nuclei. Sigma bonds can form between s-orbitals, p-orbitals, or between an s-orbital and a p-orbital. They are characterized by cylindrical symmetry along the bond axis, providing the primary mode of bonding in single covalent bonds.
Step 2
Pi (π) Bonding
Answer
Pi (π) bonding, on the other hand, involves the side-on overlap of p-orbitals. In this type of bonding, the electron density is found above and below the plane of the nuclei of the bonded atoms. Pi bonds generally occur in conjunction with sigma bonds, contributing to the formation of double and triple bonds. They are weaker than sigma bonds due to the lesser overlap of orbitals compared to sigma bonds.