Distinguish between a batch and a continuous production process. Answer both of the following questions, (i) and (ii), in relation to one of the following processes: ammonia manufacture nitric acid manufacture magnesium oxide manufacture (i) In relation to your chosen chemical industry state one reason in favour of the Irish location of this industrial plant. (ii) Give a brief outline of the processes carried out in the manufacture of the main product, giving balanced chemical equations where relevant.

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Distinguish between a batch and a continuous production process - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question Question 1 - 2002

Question Question 1

Distinguish between a batch and a continuous production process. Answer both of the following questions, (i) and (ii), in relation to one of the following processes... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Distinguish between a batch and a continuous production process - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question Question 1 - 2002

Step 1

Distinguish between a batch and a continuous production process

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Answer

A batch production process involves producing goods in finite, pre-determined quantities where the materials are combined in a vessel and the product is removed before starting the process again with new materials. In contrast, a continuous production process allows for raw materials to be fed into the system at one end and the product to be removed at the other end, enabling a constant output over time without interruption.

Step 2

In relation to your chosen chemical industry state one reason in favour of the Irish location of this industrial plant

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Answer

For ammonia manufacture, one reason in favour of establishing the plant in Ireland is the availability of natural gas, which is essential for the production process and is important for maintaining efficient operations.

Step 3

Give a brief outline of the processes carried out in the manufacture of the main product, giving balanced chemical equations where relevant

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Answer

The manufacture of ammonia typically follows the Haber process, where nitrogen from the atmosphere reacts with hydrogen derived from natural gas in the presence of a catalyst. The balanced equation for this reaction is:

$N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g)$

The conditions required for this reaction include high pressure and moderate temperature, ideally around 200 atmospheres and 400-500 °C, to maximize yield.

Additionally, for nitric acid production, ammonia is oxidized, which can be represented by the following chemical equation:

$4NH_3(g) + 5O_2(g) \rightarrow 4NO(g) + 6H_2O(g)$

This reaction involves high temperatures and a platinum-rhodium catalyst to facilitate the conversion. For magnesium oxide production, lime (calcium hydroxide) is generated from limestone:

$CaCO_3(s) \rightarrow CaO(s) + CO_2(g)$

This lime can then be reacted with water to produce slaked lime, represented as:

$CaO(s) + H_2O(l) \rightarrow Ca(OH)_2(aq)$

Distinguish between a batch and a continuous production process - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question Question 1 - 2002

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Distinguish between a batch and a continuous production process - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question Question 1 - 2002

Distinguish between a batch and a continuous production process

In relation to your chosen chemical industry state one reason in favour of the Irish location of this industrial plant

Give a brief outline of the processes carried out in the manufacture of the main product, giving balanced chemical equations where relevant

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