Why should the release of sewage and industrial waste or silage run-off into waterways be avoided? - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question 1(i) - 2021

Releasing sewage, industrial waste, or silage run-off into waterways can lead to numerous environmental issues.

Firstly, it contributes to water pollution, which drastically affects aquatic life. Contaminants can be toxic to fish and other organisms, leading to decreased biodiversity and disrupting ecosystems.

Secondly, high levels of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, typically found in sewage and agricultural runoff can result in eutrophication. This process causes algal blooms that deplete oxygen levels in the water, leading to 'dead zones' where aquatic life cannot survive.

Thirdly, contaminated water can pose a significant health risk to humans and animals. Consuming or coming into contact with polluted water can lead to various diseases, including gastrointestinal infections and other serious health issues.

Lastly, the economic impact on communities relying on clean water for recreation and consumption can be profound, resulting in increased treatment costs and loss of tourism revenue.

Thus, avoiding the release of these wastes into waterways is essential for protecting ecosystems, human health, and economic interests.