8. (a) Using notes and freehand sketches, discuss the importance of each of the following in providing adequate light on a work surface in a kitchen, as shown: - natural light - artificial light - Leaving Cert Construction Studies - Question 8 - 2017

Artificial lighting is essential for tasks that occur after dark or in areas where natural light is insufficient. Discuss the following:

• Types of Lighting: Under-cabinet, ceiling mounted, and wall-mounted lights enhance visibility in specific kitchen zones such as sinks and countertops.
• Design Flexibility: Task lighting can be tailored to suit various activities, improving safety and efficiency.
• Mood Creation: Different lighting fixtures can create varied atmospheres within the kitchen, from bright and functional to warm and cozy.

To determine the glazing area required, we will use the formula: $L_i = L_0 \times W_F \times E \times \text{(Window area)}$ where:

• $L_i$ = Lux required
• $L_0$ = Standard Overcast Sky (5,000 Lux)
• $W_F$ = Window factor (0.5)
• $E$ = Efficiency coefficient (0.4)

1. Given values: 500 Lux is required.
2. Solve for Window Area:
   • Set up the equation: $500 = 5000 \times 0.5 \times 0.4 \times \text{(Window area)}$
3. Calculate Window Area:
   • $\text{Window Area} = \frac{500}{5000 \times 0.5 \times 0.4}$
   • $\text{Window Area} = \frac{500}{1000} = 0.5 m^2$
4. Area of a single window can be further calculated based on additional parameters if needed.

Recent advancements in glazing technology improve energy efficiency significantly:

• Insulated Glazing Units (IGU): These are composed of multiple glass panes sealed to allow for better thermal insulation, reducing energy loss.
• Low Emissivity (Low-E) Glass: This technology reflects heat while allowing light to pass through, thus reducing heating costs in cold weather.
• Dynamic Glass/Smart Glass: These can change their properties as needed to reduce glare and heat load, thus contributing to energy savings through better temperature regulation.