Answer any three of the following: (i) Identify one use for the milling cutter shown; (ii) Describe the process of knurling; (iii) Identify two safety features incorporated into a pedestal grinding machine; (iv) Outline two advantages of using a height gauge; (v) Distinguish between direct and comparative measurements - Leaving Cert Engineering - Question Question (a) and (b) - 2009

Knurling involves creating a textured pattern on a cylindrical workpiece. This is accomplished by using a knurling tool that presses against the rotating surface of the workpiece, forming raised patterns that enhance grip and tactile feel.

1. A safety guard is placed around the grinding wheel to protect operators from flying debris.
2. The machine is equipped with an emergency stop button that allows quick power disconnection in the event of an emergency.

1. A height gauge provides an accurate method for marking or measuring vertical distances on workpieces, enhancing precision in machining tasks.
2. It can be used on various surfaces, including round materials when combined with appropriate setting blocks.

Direct measurements involve using instruments that provide a scale reading of the actual component size, such as a ruler or caliper. Comparative measurements contrast different dimensions against a standard reference, as seen with limit gauges.

For cutting tool material A, tungsten carbide is suitable due to its hardness and wear resistance at elevated temperatures. For cutting tool material B, high-speed steel (HSS) is appropriate as it maintains hardness during high-speed machining.

1. Use cutting fluids during machining to reduce friction and heat buildup, which can degrade the tool.
2. Maintain the machine at optimal speeds and feeds to prevent overheating and tool wear.