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Answer any three of the following: (i) Explain the difference between linear and cross-linked polymer structures - Leaving Cert Engineering - Question (b) - 2020
Question (b)
Answer any three of the following: (i) Explain the difference between linear and cross-linked polymer structures. (ii) Explain how ethylene monomers are added toge... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Answer any three of the following: (i) Explain the difference between linear and cross-linked polymer structures - Leaving Cert Engineering - Question (b) - 2020
Step 1
Explain the difference between linear and cross-linked polymer structures.
Answer
Linear polymer structures are associated with thermoplastics and are formed by long chains of monomers that are not linked together. In contrast, cross-linked polymer structures are linked together and are typically associated with thermosetting polymers. This cross-linking provides enhanced strength and stability to the material, as the polymer chains create a three-dimensional network.
Step 2
Explain how ethylene monomers are added together to produce polyethylene.
Answer
Ethylene monomers are combined through a chemical process known as Addition Polymerisation. In this process, long chain macromolecules are formed by the addition of a large number of ethylene monomers. Each monomer contains a double bond between carbon atoms.
A catalyst or free radical initiates the reaction by breaking the double bond in the ethylene monomer, allowing one of its electrons to bond with another monomer. This process continues as new monomers keep adding, creating a long chain when termination takes place. The resulting addition polymer features repeating units linked by single bonds.
Step 3
Outline two reasons for the use of thermosetting polymers in electrical products.
Answer
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Insulation Properties: Thermosetting polymers provide excellent insulation, making them ideal for electrical applications. They can withstand high temperatures without deforming, ensuring safety and reliability in electrical installations.
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Mechanical Strength: These materials exhibit high rigidity and mechanical strength, which is critical in electrical components that must endure stress and prevent breakage.