Earthquakes (i) Name two geographical locations where earthquakes have occurred - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 3B - 2021

The Richter scale is commonly used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.

Earthquakes occur primarily due to the movement of tectonic plates. These plates are continuously shifting due to convection currents in the Earth's mantle. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is a sudden release of energy that causes seismic waves, resulting in an earthquake.

Main Effects of Earthquakes:

1. Ground Shaking: The primary effect, leading to structural damage.
2. Surface Rupture: The ground may crack and displace along faults.
3. Tsunamis: Undersea earthquakes can generate powerful tsunamis.
4. Landslides: The shaking can trigger landslides, particularly in hilly areas.
5. Aftershocks: Smaller quakes can follow the main shock, causing further damage.
6. Liquefaction: Saturated soil may lose strength, causing buildings to sink.
7. Infrastructure Damage: Roads, bridges, and utilities can be significantly affected.
8. Casualties: Injuries and fatalities can occur due to falling debris or collapsed structures.
9. Psychological Effects: Survivors may suffer trauma and anxiety from the event.
10. Economic Impact: The cost of rebuilding can be substantial, affecting local economies.