Volcanoes (i) Name two examples of volcanoes - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 18 - 2021

Volcanoes have numerous positive effects, including:

1. Fertile Soil: Volcanic ash creates nutrient-rich soil conducive to agriculture, improving crop yields.

2. Geothermal Energy: Volcanoes provide a source of geothermal energy, which can be harnessed for heating and electricity.

3. Mineral Resources: Many minerals such as sulfur and copper are found around volcanic areas, important for various industries.

4. Tourism and Recreation: Volcanoes attract tourists, boosting local economies through tourism-related activities.

5. Creation of New Land: Eruptions can create new land formations, such as islands, expanding habitable areas.

6. Scientific Research: Volcanoes offer opportunities for geological research, helping us understand Earth's processes.

Despite their benefits, volcanoes also pose significant negative effects:

1. Destruction of Property: Eruptions can destroy homes, infrastructure, and entire towns, leading to economic losses.

2. Loss of Life: Volcanic eruptions can be deadly, resulting in casualties due to lava flows, ash falls, and pyroclastic flows.

3. Air Quality Issues: Volcanic ash and gases can pollute the air, causing respiratory problems in nearby populations.

4. Climate Impact: Large eruptions can inject ash and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, leading to temporary climate changes and impacts on agriculture.

5. Displacement of Communities: Eruptions may force populations to evacuate, leading to long-term displacement and social issues.

6. Lahars and Mudflows: Volcanic eruptions can trigger lahars—mudflows that can bury communities and agricultural land.