Examine the impact of migration on a city in the developing world that you have studied. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2015

The migration to Mumbai has led to both positive and negative impacts. Positive impacts include economic growth and cultural diversity, while negative impacts encompass increased pressure on housing and infrastructure.

Migration has led to a thriving economy in Mumbai. The influx of workers has contributed to the growth of various industries, including textiles, information technology, and finance. This has resulted in job creation and a boost in local businesses.

As people migrate from different parts of India and abroad, Mumbai has become a melting pot of cultures. This diversity enriches the city’s social fabric, reflected in its festivals, cuisine, and arts.

As more people migrate to the city in search of better opportunities, the demand for housing increases. This has resulted in overcrowded spaces and the proliferation of informal settlements or slums, where living conditions are often inadequate.

The rapid population growth puts additional strain on transportation, sanitation, and healthcare infrastructure. The existing systems struggle to cope with the demands of a larger population, leading to traffic congestion and insufficient public services.

While migration increases the labor force, it also exacerbates unemployment and underemployment issues. Many migrants struggle to find jobs that match their skills and education levels, contributing to economic disparity.

The influx of migrants can lead to social tensions, as existing residents may feel threatened by the competition for jobs and resources. This can result in conflicts between different communities within the city.

Increased migration leads to environmental challenges, as more people contribute to pollution and waste. The demand for housing often leads to deforestation and loss of green spaces in and around the city.

In response to these challenges, the government has initiated various programs aimed at improving infrastructure and providing affordable housing. However, significant gaps still exist in effectively addressing these issues.

In summary, migration has multifaceted impacts on Mumbai, contributing to its economic development and cultural richness, while also presenting significant challenges that need to be addressed through effective urban planning and policy.