Describe and explain how the characteristics of Ireland’s population have changed since the 1950’s. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 12B - 2018

1. Population Growth: Following a period of stagnation, Ireland's population began to grow in the 1990s. This change can be attributed to higher birth rates and immigration, transforming Ireland from a nation of emigration to one attracting immigrants.

2. Aging Population: The demographic structure has shifted with an increasing proportion of older individuals in the population. Higher life expectancy and declining birth rates have contributed to this trend, thereby impacting social services and healthcare systems.

3. Urbanization: There has been a significant shift from rural areas to urban centers, with cities like Dublin experiencing rapid population growth. This is linked to employment opportunities and economic development, especially during the Celtic Tiger period from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s.

These changes in population characteristics are notable as they reflect Ireland’s evolving social and economic landscape. The population growth has fueled economic growth and increased cultural diversity, enhancing Ireland’s global ties. The aging population poses challenges, demanding responses in healthcare and pensions to support older citizens. Furthermore, urbanization leads to infrastructural demands as cities expand, highlighting the need for strategic planning in urban development.