People try to control the natural processes at work in the landscape that may cause disasters such as landslides or flooding (as seen in the above photograph) - Leaving Cert Geography - Question Question 1 - 2008

The river process to be controlled is flooding.

Dams are built across rivers to hold back water, creating a reservoir. This helps manage river flow and can prevent downstream flooding. By controlling the release of water from the dam, authorities can ensure a steady flow during dry periods and reduce the risk of flooding during heavy rain. The stored water can also be used for agricultural irrigation and hydroelectric power generation.

Reduction of flood risk: Dams help minimize the impact of seasonal floods on nearby communities.

Water management: Dams enable controlled water release, helping to balance ecological needs and human use.

Hydroelectric power generation: Dams harness water flow to generate clean energy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

Recreational opportunities: The reservoirs created by dams provide venues for water sports and fishing.

Irrigation supply: Reservoirs can provide a reliable source of water for irrigation in surrounding agricultural lands.

Flood control infrastructure: Besides dams, levees and floodwalls are often constructed to further manage flood risks.

Habitat creation: Some dams can create new aquatic habitats for various species.

Improved water supply: Dams help ensure that urban and rural areas have adequate water supplies throughout the year.

An example of such a dam is the Hoover Dam, located on the border between Nevada and Arizona, which effectively controls the flow of the Colorado River.