Explain with the aid of a labelled diagram(s) the formation of one landform of erosion that you have studied - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2013

Named Landform

The landform I will discuss is a V-shaped valley that is formed by river erosion.

Labelled Diagram

Note: Ensure to include a clearly labelled diagram illustrating the V-shaped valley with key features like the river, valley sides, and surrounding landscape.

Explanation

A V-shaped valley develops primarily through the process of downward erosion by a river. This occurs when the river's velocity increases, typically in the upper course of the river, where the gradient is steeper. The flowing water exerts energy on the riverbed and the banks, causing the following:

1. Vertical Erosion: The river cuts downwards, widening and deepening the valley over time as it scours the bedrock and sediment. This creates a narrow, steep-sided valley shape, resembling a 'V'.
2. Lateral Erosion: While vertical erosion is predominant, lateral erosion is also at play, especially where tributaries join the main river. This contributes to widening the valley's sides.
3. Weathering: The sides of the valley are subject to weathering (mechanical and chemical). This breaks down rocks that contribute to the material that the river transports, further deepening the valley.
4. Transportation: The eroded materials are transported downstream by the river, often leading to the formation of other landforms, such as river deltas or floodplains.

In conclusion, the continuous action of erosion by the river leads to the formation of distinctive V-shaped valleys, demonstrating the powerful force of water in shaping the landscape.