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The characteristics of climate can change over time and space - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 22 - 2012
Question 22
The characteristics of climate can change over time and space. Discuss this statement with reference to examples that you have studied.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The characteristics of climate can change over time and space - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 22 - 2012
Step 1
Discuss climate change over time
Answer
Climate change over time can be exemplified by the effects of the Ice Age and the subsequent period of warming. During the Ice Age, global temperatures were significantly lower, resulting in vast ice sheets covering much of North America and Europe. This climatic shift had profound impacts on ecosystems, flora, and fauna, driving species to adapt, migrate, or face extinction. Following the Ice Age, the Earth experienced a period of warming, leading to the current climate conditions we experience today.
Additionally, the phenomenon of climate change in recent history, notably the rise in carbon dioxide levels due to human activities, illustrates how anthropogenic factors have accelerated climate change. This current change is characterized by more frequent extreme weather events, shifts in agricultural productivity, and rising sea levels.
Step 2
Discuss climate change over space
Answer
Geographically, climate characteristics vary widely, influencing local climates and ecosystems. For instance, equatorial regions experience consistently high temperatures and humidity, fostering rainforests, while polar regions display extreme cold and dry conditions conducive to tundra biomes.
Moreover, urbanization is causing localized climate changes, termed 'urban heat islands,' where urban areas become significantly warmer than their rural surroundings due to human infrastructure and activities. An example of this is the temperature differences observed in cities like Los Angeles compared to surrounding areas, affecting local weather patterns and influencing public health.