Describe and account for the development of patterns of circulation in either the atmosphere or the oceans. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 24 - 2006

Patterns of circulation in the atmosphere are primarily driven by the unequal heating of the Earth's surface due to the sun's radiation. This process creates temperature differences, particularly between the equator and the poles, leading to the formation of convection cells.

1. Convection Cells

The development of convection cells, such as the Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar cells, plays a significant role in atmospheric circulation. Warm air rises at the equator, creating low pressure, while cooler air descends at higher latitudes, resulting in high-pressure regions.

2. Coriolis Effect

Additionally, the Coriolis effect influences wind patterns due to the Earth's rotation. This deflection causes winds to curve, leading to the trade winds in the tropics and westerlies in mid-latitudes.

3. Influence of Land and Water

Land and water distribution also impacts atmospheric circulation. For example, large bodies of water can moderate temperatures, while land heats up and cools down more quickly, resulting in varying pressure systems and localized wind patterns like sea breezes.

4. Storm Systems

Finally, the development of storm systems, such as cyclones and anticyclones, further illustrates circulation patterns. These systems are influenced by the interaction between warm and cool air masses, contributing to weather variability around the globe.