1. Deforestation

Deforestation is the large-scale removal of trees for agriculture, urban development, or logging. This practice has significant effects on soil quality and stability.

Impact on Soil

• Erosion: Trees play a crucial role in anchoring the soil. Their roots help bind the soil together, preventing it from being washed away by rain or blown away by wind. When trees are removed, soil erosion accelerates, leading to loss of topsoil which is vital for plant growth.
• Nutrient Depletion: Forests contribute to nutrient cycling in the ecosystem. The decomposition of fallen leaves and organic matter enriches the soil with necessary nutrients. Without trees, the soil becomes less fertile, diminishing its agricultural potential.

2. Agricultural Practices

Intensive and unsustainable agricultural practices, such as monocropping and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, significantly affect the soil.

Impact on Soil

• Soil Degradation: Continuous cultivation of a single crop depletes specific nutrients from the soil, leading to a decline in soil health. Monocropping can also increase vulnerability to pests and diseases, prompting chemical interventions that further degrade soil quality.
• Chemical Contamination: The use of fertilizers and pesticides often results in chemical runoff into nearby water bodies. This not only contaminates water but can also lead to soil acidification, reducing the overall fertility and health of the soil.