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Soil characteristics are affected by a combination of processes operating in their immediate environment - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 16 - 2018
Question 16
Soil characteristics are affected by a combination of processes operating in their immediate environment. Examine any three soil processes that affect soil character... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Soil characteristics are affected by a combination of processes operating in their immediate environment - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 16 - 2018
Step 1
Examine the process of weathering
Answer
Weathering is a critical process that affects soil characteristics by breaking down parent material into smaller particles. This can occur through physical processes such as freeze-thaw cycles, where water seeps into cracks, freezes, and expands, causing rocks to fracture. Chemical weathering also plays a significant role, where reactions with water, acids, or oxygen can alter the minerals in the soil, making nutrients more available for plant uptake.
Step 2
Examine the process of organic matter decomposition
Answer
The decomposition of organic matter is essential in forming a nutrient-rich upper layer of soil, known as humus. Microorganisms and detritivores break down dead plant and animal material, releasing nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur into the soil. This process also enhances the soil's structure, improving its ability to retain moisture and support root growth.
Step 3
Examine the process of leaching
Answer
Leaching occurs when water dissolves soluble nutrients and minerals within the soil and carries them away, typically downward through the soil profile. This process can lead to the depletion of essential nutrients in the upper layers, negatively impacting plant growth. Factors such as rainfall intensity and soil texture can influence the extent of leaching, making it a significant factor in maintaining soil fertility.