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Views of development and underdevelopment involve contrasting models and approaches to development - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 13 - 2016
Question 13
Views of development and underdevelopment involve contrasting models and approaches to development. Discuss.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Views of development and underdevelopment involve contrasting models and approaches to development - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 13 - 2016
Step 1
Identifying aspect
Answer
In discussing development and underdevelopment, it is essential to first clarify what these terms entail. Development typically refers to economic growth, increased living standards, and improved quality of life. Conversely, underdevelopment suggests a state of economic stagnation or decline, resulting in inadequate access to resources and opportunities.
To illustrate various aspects, one can categorize development models into three primary frameworks: modernization theory, dependency theory, and post-colonial theory.
Step 2
Discussion of Models
Answer
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Modernization Theory: This model posits that all countries progress through similar stages of development, transitioning from traditional to modern societies. It emphasizes technological advancement and economic growth as primary indicators of development.
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Dependency Theory: Unlike modernization theory, dependency theory argues that underdevelopment is a result of the exploitative relationships between developed and developing nations. It maintains that economic dependency hinders growth in poorer nations, perpetuating cycles of poverty.
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Post-Colonial Theory: This perspective critiques the legacy of colonization on development. It highlights how historical injustices shape current inequalities. Post-colonial advocates argue for an understanding of development that prioritizes local cultures and autonomy over Western-centric models.
In contrasting these approaches, one can see that they provide different insights and pathways for understanding development progress or the lack thereof.
Step 3
Examples and Illustrations
Answer
For a comprehensive discussion, one may incorporate examples from various countries:
- Example 1: South Korea as an illustration of successful modernization, showcasing rapid industrialization and economic growth.
- Example 2: The case of Haiti can illustrate dependency theory, where foreign interventions often lead to exploitative conditions.
- Example 3: Post-colonial discussions can reference India’s development strategies emphasizing indigenous practices.
Additionally, visual aids such as graphs indicating economic growth rates or timelines depicting historical events impacting these countries can enhance understanding. Such illustrations help convey the significance of contrasting models in shaping developmental narratives.