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Explain how a study of plate tectonics helps us understand the occurrence of earthquakes. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 1 - 2006
Question 1
Explain how a study of plate tectonics helps us understand the occurrence of earthquakes.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain how a study of plate tectonics helps us understand the occurrence of earthquakes. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 1 - 2006
Step 1
Understanding Plate Tectonics
Answer
The study of plate tectonics provides a framework for understanding the behavior of Earth's lithosphere, which is divided into tectonic plates. These plates float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them and move due to convection currents in the mantle. As these plates interact with one another, they can cause a variety of geological phenomena, including earthquakes.
Step 2
Mechanisms of Earthquakes
Answer
Earthquakes primarily occur at plate boundaries, which can be classified into three main types: convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries. At convergent boundaries, plates collide, leading to subduction, where one plate is forced beneath another. This can result in intense pressure buildup, which when released, causes an earthquake. At divergent boundaries, plates move apart, creating new crust and often causing shallow earthquakes. Transform boundaries, where plates slide past one another, can also lead to earthquakes due to frictional resistance.
Step 3
Monitoring and Predictions
Answer
The study of plate tectonics also aids in monitoring seismic activity. Scientists utilize seismographs and GPS technology to track movements of tectonic plates and identify patterns associated with earthquake occurrences. By understanding these patterns, researchers can improve predictions concerning earthquake risks in various regions, which is crucial for public safety and preparedness.
Step 4
Examples of Tectonic Influence
Answer
Two notable examples include:
- The San Andreas Fault in California, a transform boundary where the Pacific Plate slides past the North American Plate, is a significant source of earthquakes.
- The Japanese archipelago, situated at the convergence of the Pacific Plate, Philippine Sea Plate, and Eurasian Plate, experiences frequent and severe earthquakes due to the complex interactions of these tectonic plates.