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Plate Tectonics Describe and explain the theory of plate tectonics. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2015
Question C
Plate Tectonics Describe and explain the theory of plate tectonics.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Plate Tectonics Describe and explain the theory of plate tectonics. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2015
Step 1
Description of Plate Tectonics
Answer
The theory of plate tectonics describes the large-scale movement of the Earth's lithosphere, which is divided into several tectonic plates. These plates float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them and move due to convection currents caused by heat from the Earth's interior. The boundaries of these plates can be classified into three main types: convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries.
At convergent boundaries, plates move towards each other, often causing one plate to be forced beneath another in a process known as subduction. This can lead to the formation of mountain ranges and ocean trenches. Divergent boundaries occur where plates move apart from each other, leading to the creation of new crust as magma rises to the surface. Transform boundaries, on the other hand, occur where two plates slide past each other, often resulting in earthquakes.
Step 2
Explanation of the Mechanisms
Answer
The movement of tectonic plates is driven primarily by the heat from the Earth's interior, which causes convection currents in the mantle. Hot magma rises towards the surface, cools, and then sinks back down, creating a cyclical movement that drives the plates.
Additionally, the interaction between the plates at their boundaries can lead to various geological phenomena. For example, at subduction zones, the descending plate can melt, leading to volcanic activity, while the build-up of stress at transform boundaries can result in seismic events. Overall, the theory provides a comprehensive explanation for the distribution of earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges across the globe.
Step 3
Annotated Diagram
Answer
A relevant annotated diagram can be provided to illustrate the different types of plate boundaries and the movements associated with them. The diagram should label subduction zones, divergent boundaries, and transform boundaries, along with arrows indicating the direction of plate movement.