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Human Interaction Describe and explain how humans attempt to control one of the following surface processes: - River processes - Coastal processes - Mass movement. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2014
Question C
Human Interaction Describe and explain how humans attempt to control one of the following surface processes: - River processes - Coastal processes - Mass movement.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Human Interaction Describe and explain how humans attempt to control one of the following surface processes: - River processes - Coastal processes - Mass movement. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2014
Step 1
Describe and explain how humans attempt to control River processes
Answer
Humans engage in various practices to manage and control river processes to prevent flooding, enhance navigation, and improve water quality. One primary method is the construction of levees and dikes, which are earthen barriers built alongside riverbanks to keep rising waters from breaching the bank during floods. These structures serve as a defensive measure against floodwaters and help protect adjacent communities.
Additionally, rivers are often straightened and deepened through channelization. This process involves reshaping the river's path to facilitate faster flow, thereby reducing flooding risks and improving access for transport vessels. However, while this may prevent localized flooding, it often leads to increased flood risk downstream.
Flood control reservoirs are another critical intervention, where large bodies of water are created to temporarily hold floodwaters. These reservoirs can store excess runoff during heavy rain and release it slowly to minimize downstream flooding.
Lastly, reforestation and the establishment of riparian buffers along riverbanks can significantly enhance the natural filtration of runoff, stabilize banks, and reduce the velocity of flow, thereby mitigating erosion.
Step 2
Describe and explain how humans attempt to control Coastal processes
Answer
Coastal processes are critical areas of human interaction, where various methods are implemented to prevent erosion, manage sediment, and protect coastal communities. One of the primary tools used is the construction of seawalls, which are vertical structures built along the coastline to absorb and reflect wave energy, thereby reducing erosion and providing a barrier to storm surges.
Another method involves the use of groynes, which are barriers built at right angles to the beach. They trap sediment moving along the shore from longshore drift, allowing beach areas to accumulate, which in turn helps protect coastlines from erosion.
Beach nourishment is also commonly practiced, where sand is added to eroded beaches to restore them to their original condition. Although effective in the short term, the effects of nourishment can be temporary, requiring periodic replenishment.
Additionally, the establishment of coastal wetlands, such as mangroves and salt marshes, serves as a natural defense against coastal flooding and erosion. These wetlands provide valuable habitat while absorbing wave energy and stabilizing shorelines.
Step 3
Describe and explain how humans attempt to control Mass movement
Answer
Mass movement refers to the downward movement of soil and rock under the influence of gravity, often leading to landslides and other hazardous conditions. To control such processes, various engineering techniques are employed. One common technique is slope stabilization, which involves restructuring slopes through terracing, regrading, or the construction of retaining walls to hold soil in place and reduce the risk of landslides.
Draining water from slopes using subsurface drains helps to reduce pore water pressure, which is a critical factor contributing to mass movement. By lowering the water table, the stability of the slope increases as the weight of saturated soil is reduced.
Vegetation is also crucial in controlling mass movement. Plant roots help anchor soil, reducing erosion and promoting stability. Reforestation and the planting of deep-rooted plants on vulnerable slopes can significantly mitigate the risks associated with mass movement.
In certain situations, relocation or limiting access to high-risk areas is appropriate, especially in cases where mass movement threatens human life and property. Education and monitoring programs can help communities understand and mitigate the risks associated with mass movement.