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Question 1
A student carried out an experiment to find the acceleration of a moving trolley. The student measured the velocity of the trolley at different times and plotted a ... show full transcript
Step 1
Answer
To describe the method used to measure the velocity of the trolley, the following steps can be outlined:
Setup the Experiment: Place the trolley on a smooth, straight runway to minimize friction.
Timing Device: Use a timer such as a stopwatch, or a more advanced option like a photogate, to measure the time taken for the trolley to travel a set distance. This timer starts as the trolley is released.
Distance Measurement: Mark a specific distance along the runway where the trolley will travel. It is crucial to measure this distance accurately.
Collecting Data: As the trolley moves past the distance markers, the timing device records the time taken to cover that distance.
Calculating Velocity: Use the formula for velocity, defined as
where v
is the velocity, d
is the distance traveled, and t
is the time taken. This calculation will give the velocity at different time intervals.
Recording Results: Document the velocity measurements at each respective time interval in a table for further analysis.
Step 2
Answer
To create a graph of the trolley's velocity against time:
Axes Setup: Draw two perpendicular lines to form the X-axis (horizontal) and Y-axis (vertical). Label the X-axis as "Time (s)" and the Y-axis as "Velocity (m/s)".
Plot Points: Using the data provided:
Fit a Line: Once all points are plotted, draw a line of best fit through the points to illustrate the trend of velocity over time. Ensure that the line extends within the range of the plotted points.
Title the Graph: Add a title to your graph, such as "Velocity vs Time for a Moving Trolley". This will help indicate what the graph represents.
Step 3
Answer
To find the slope of the graph and determine the acceleration:
Select Two Points: Choose two points from the graph to calculate the slope, for instance, (2s, 0.9 m/s) and (10s, 4.9 m/s).
Slope Calculation: Use the formula for the slope, which represents acceleration:
where:
Therefore,
Conclusion: The calculated acceleration of the trolley is 0.5 m/s².
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