Evolution

Evidence for Evolution

1. The study of fossils (Palaeontology) provides evidence for evolution.

• Fossils include bones, teeth, pollen grains, footprints, and even entire organisms.
• Fossils can be dated using carbon dating techniques.

2. Comparative anatomy shows that similar body parts in different species suggest they share a common ancestor, supporting the idea of evolution.

Charles Darwin

• An English naturalist who dedicated his life to studying organisms.
• Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, which he detailed in his book "On the Origin of Species".
• Darwin travelled on the HMS Beagle (1831-1836) to the Galapagos Islands to research evolution, focusing on finches.

Theory of Natural Selection

3. Variation occurs due to genetic mutations and competition. All animals compete for food, habitat, and mates.
4. Only the strongest and best-adapted individuals survive, passing on their beneficial genes.
5. Over time, this process can lead to the formation of a new species.

Extinction

• Extinction can happen due to environmental changes or increased competition.
• If a species does not evolve over time, extinction is a real possibility.
• Human activities are a significant cause of extinction.