DNA Profiling

How to prepare a DNA profile:

1. DNA is extracted from a person's cells (e.g., blood, hair follicle, bodily fluid) using a detergent, which dissolves the cell membranes (lipids).
2. The isolated DNA is cut into fragments using special enzymes called restriction enzymes.
3. The sections of DNA that are cut are called restriction fragments.
4. The restriction fragments are separated based on their size using gel electrophoresis.
5. Smaller fragments move faster through the gel than larger fragments.
6. The DNA profile can be viewed under UV light. Each profile looks like a bar code. The profile is different for each person.

Uses of DNA profiles

• Crime: DNA profiles are used to link a person to a crime or a crime scene.
• Medical: DNA profiles can be used to establish if a man is the father of a child (paternity test).