What is Melody Writing?

Melody writing is the craft of creating a musical line that flows naturally and makes sense to the ear. A good melody is cohesive (all the notes belong together), memorable (it can be recalled after hearing it), and expressive (it communicates mood or character).

In the Leaving Cert, melody writing is not just about stringing notes together — it is about showing an understanding of phrase structure, key and tonality, and balance between repetition and contrast.

Key Principles

1. Shape: Smooth, stepwise motion with occasional balanced leaps.
2. Phrasing: Divide into clear phrases (typically 4 bars each).
3. Climax: Include a high point or focal note for interest.
4. Key and Tonality: Stay within the given key signature and adhere to major/minor tonality.
5. Cadences: Use cadences (e.g., perfect or imperfect) to end phrases naturally.
6. Rhythm: Keep rhythms simple, varied, and in style. Avoid overly complex patterns.

Common Exam Requirements

In the melody writing question, students are always asked to develop a melody from some form of given material. This material might be:

• A given opening (a short melodic idea to be continued).
• A line of text (to be set to music).
• A rhythmic motif (to be turned into a full melody).

You will then be asked to write:

• A complete melody in a chosen key for Higher Level.
• A simpler but musically correct melody for Ordinary Level.

At both levels, examiners expect:

• A clear sense of tonality (notes fit the key signature).
• Balanced phrases (usually 4 + 4 bars, with a question–answer feel).
• Appropriate cadences (half cadence at the end of phrase 1, perfect cadence at the end of phrase 2).
• Stepwise movement with some leaps, but not too many.
• Repetition and contrast to make the melody interesting and memorable.