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Cloning is a technique that could be used to increase numbers in an endangered species - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 22 - 2001 - Paper 1
Question 22
Cloning is a technique that could be used to increase numbers in an endangered species. What effect would cloning have on the genetic diversity of the species? Expl... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Cloning is a technique that could be used to increase numbers in an endangered species - HSC - SSCE Biology - Question 22 - 2001 - Paper 1
Step 1
What effect would cloning have on the genetic diversity of the species?
Answer
Cloning reduces the genetic diversity of a species because it involves creating genetically identical organisms. When a population consists predominantly of clones, the variety in genetic traits diminishes, making the population more susceptible to diseases and environmental changes. A lack of genetic diversity can hinder adaptation and survival in changing conditions.
Step 2
Explain TWO possible evolutionary effects of a disease entering an endangered population containing some cloned individuals.
Answer
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Increased Susceptibility to Disease: Since cloned individuals have identical genetic material, if one clone is vulnerable to a specific disease, it is highly likely that the entire clone population will also be susceptible. This can lead to higher mortality rates and a potential population decline.
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Reduced Adaptation Potential: If a disease affects an endangered population containing clones, the homogeneity of the genetic makeup may inhibit the evolutionary process. With limited genetic variation, there may be fewer opportunities for beneficial mutations to arise, reducing the overall resilience of the population to evolving threats, such as new pathogens.