Instructions (Grade 12 NSC Matric English FAL): Revision Notes
Instructions
What are instructions?
Instructions are a type of shorter transactional text that guide someone through a process by explaining how to complete a task in a step-by-step manner. They serve as a roadmap for readers, helping them achieve a specific goal or complete an activity successfully. Whether you're explaining how to make something, operate a device, or follow safety procedures, instructions must be written in a way that leaves no room for confusion or misunderstanding.
The main goal of any set of instructions is to enable the reader to complete the task without difficulty. This means your writing must be straightforward, organised logically, and easy to understand for your intended audience.
Types of instructions you might write
In your NSC English FAL exam, you could be asked to write instructions for several different purposes:
- Process instructions - These explain how to create or make something (like how to bake a cake or build a model)
- Task instructions - These guide someone through using equipment or preparing for an event (like setting up a device or getting ready for a presentation)
- Safety or procedure guides - These outline important rules or safety steps (like laboratory safety protocols or school emergency procedures)
Essential structure and format
Heading or title
Start your instructions with a clear, descriptive title that immediately tells the reader what they will learn to do. Your heading should be specific and helpful. For example, "Instructions for preparing for an exam" is much more useful than simply "Exam preparation."
List of steps
This forms the main body of your instructions. Each step should be written on a separate line and presented in the exact order that the reader needs to follow them. You can use either numbered points (1, 2, 3...) or bullet points to organise your steps. The key is to arrange them in logical sequence from beginning to end, ensuring that each step builds naturally on the previous one.
The logical sequence is crucial - each step should build naturally on the previous one, creating a smooth flow from start to finish.
Optional conclusion
You may choose to end with a brief reminder, warning, or encouraging note. This conclusion should reinforce something important about the process or remind the reader to double-check their work.
Writing style and tone requirements
Use imperative verbs
Imperative verbs are command words that directly tell the reader what action to take. These are essential for instructions because they create clear, direct communication. Examples include: "Add the flour slowly," "Check your answers carefully," "Turn off the device," "Remember to save your work," and "Make sure the door is locked."
Keep language simple and direct
Write using short, clear sentences that get straight to the point. Avoid complicated vocabulary or lengthy explanations that might confuse the reader. Each sentence should focus on one specific action or piece of information.
Use present tense
Write your instructions in the present tense to create immediacy and clarity. This helps the reader understand that these are actions they should take right now, as they read.
Your tone should be neutral and helpful, like a friendly guide. Avoid being too casual or too formal - aim for a polite, professional approach that makes the reader feel supported rather than commanded.
Include linking words
Connecting words help show the sequence and relationship between steps. They guide the reader smoothly from one action to the next, making the entire process feel more manageable and organised.
Helpful linking words and phrases
To show sequence and order
Use these words to indicate which step comes next: "First," "Next," "Then," "After that," and "Finally." These words act like signposts, helping your reader navigate through the process without getting lost.
To provide additional details or warnings
When you need to emphasise something important or add extra information, use phrases like: "Make sure," "Remember to," and "Be careful not to." These phrases draw attention to crucial details that could affect the outcome.
To explain results or consequences
Help your reader understand why certain steps matter by using: "So that," "Therefore," and "As a result." These connecting phrases show the relationship between actions and their outcomes.
Practical example
Worked Example: Instructions for Making a Good First Impression
- Greet people politely and smile warmly.
- Maintain appropriate eye contact when speaking.
- Dress neatly and appropriately for the occasion.
- Listen carefully and avoid interrupting others.
- Be confident but remain respectful at all times.
- Thank people for their time and attention.
Remember: first impressions are lasting, so always be kind and professional.
This example demonstrates how to apply all the key principles: clear title, numbered steps in logical order, imperative verbs, simple language, and a helpful concluding reminder.
Exam success tips
- Follow logical step-by-step order - Make sure each step flows naturally to the next, whether you use numbers or bullet points
- Start each step with an imperative verb - This creates the commanding tone that instructions require
- Keep your language simple and direct - Avoid unnecessary complexity that might confuse your reader
- Stay within the word limit - Typically 50-80 words for shorter transactional texts
- Avoid lengthy sentences or unnecessary details - Focus on the essential actions and information
- Test your instructions mentally - Ask yourself whether someone could successfully follow your instructions
- Check spelling and punctuation carefully - Errors can create confusion in instructional texts
Always test your instructions mentally by asking yourself: "Could someone successfully complete this task by following my steps exactly as written?"
Key takeaways
Essential Points to Remember:
- Instructions must guide readers through a process step-by-step in logical order
- Use imperative (command) verbs to tell readers exactly what actions to take
- Keep sentences short, clear, and direct using present tense throughout
- Include helpful linking words to show sequence and provide additional guidance
- Always stay within the specified word limit while ensuring all essential steps are included