Central Banks and Monetary Policy (AQA A-Level Economics): Flashcards

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Central Banks and Monetary Policy
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Central bank

National institution providing financial services to govt & banks

Year BoE gained operational independence

1997

UK inflation target (CPI)

2% (with ±1% margin)

MPC meeting frequency (per year)

8 times

Bank Rate

Interest rate BoE pays banks on their deposits at BoE

Aggregate demand equation

AD=C+I+G+(X−M)\text{AD} = C + I + G + (X - M)

Zero lower bound (ZLB)

Floor at/near 0% where Bank Rate cannot be cut further

Quantitative easing (QE)

BoE buying financial assets with newly created money

Total UK QE by 2020

£895 billion

Real interest rate formula

nominal rate−inflation rate\text{nominal rate} - \text{inflation rate}

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