Hardiness (AQA A-Level Psychology): Quizzes

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Hardiness
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What does hardiness explain about individual responses to stress?

Why some flourish under stress whilst others become ill

Who first proposed hardiness as a personality characteristic?

Suzanne Kobasa in 1979

What does commitment mean in the Three Cs of hardiness?

Deep involvement in relationships & activities

How do hardy people view stressful situations according to the challenge component?

As chances to learn and grow

How many managers participated in Kobasa's 1979 study?

670 male managers

In Maddi's 1987 study, what proportion of participants flourished during reorganisation?

One-third

What did Funk (1992) suggest hardiness scales might actually measure?

A lack of neuroticism rather than hardiness

Which components did Hull et al. (1987) recommend focusing on?

Control and commitment only

What did Contrada (1989) find about hardy students' physiological responses?

They showed lower blood pressure levels

What did Bartone et al. (2008) find about US Army Special Forces candidates?

Those who passed were significantly hardier

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