Big-M Method (Edexcel A-Level Further Mathematics): Flashcards

Alternative to two-stage Simplex for $\geq$ or $=$ constraints

Very large penalty $M$ in objective function

Negative coefficient (e.g., $-M$)

Positive coefficient (e.g., $+M$)

Slack variable

Surplus variable and artificial variable

Must exit the basis

Using $+M$ instead of $-M$

Modify objective function to include $M$ terms

$Z = \text{original objective} - M(\text{artificial vars})$