Central Limit Theorem (Edexcel A-Level Further Mathematics): Flashcards

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Central Limit Theorem
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CLT: Distribution of Xˉ\bar{X} for any distribution?

Xˉ∼N(μ,σ2n)\bar{X} \sim N(\mu, \frac{\sigma^2}{n})

When is CLT exact vs approximate?

Exact for normal populations; approximate for non-normal with large n

Sample size threshold for CLT applicability

n≥25n \geq 25

When do we use CLT approximation?

For non-normal or unknown distributions with large n

Variance of sample mean Xˉ\bar{X}

σ2n\frac{\sigma^2}{n}

How to estimate σ2\sigma^2 when unknown?

Use s2s^2 (sample variance)

Calculate E(Y)E(Y) from probability distribution

E(Y)=∑y⋅P(Y=y)E(Y) = \sum y \cdot P(Y=y)

Calculate E(Y2)E(Y^2) from probability distribution

E(Y2)=∑y2⋅P(Y=y)E(Y^2) = \sum y^2 \cdot P(Y=y)

Formula for Var(Y)\text{Var}(Y) using E(Y)E(Y) and E(Y2)E(Y^2)

Var(Y)=E(Y2)−[E(Y)]2\text{Var}(Y) = E(Y^2) - [E(Y)]^2

Increment for possible values of Yˉ\bar{Y} with sample size n

1n\frac{1}{n}

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