Outliers & Cleaning Data (Edexcel A-Level Mathematics): Flashcards

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Outliers & Cleaning Data
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Outliers definition

Data points significantly different from rest of data

Box plot outlier criterion

Outside 1.5×IQR1.5 \times \text{IQR} above Q3Q3 or below Q1Q1

Z-score outlier threshold

Z>3Z > 3 or Z<−3Z < -3

Formula for IQR

IQR=Q3−Q1\text{IQR} = Q3 - Q1

Lower bound formula (IQR method)

Q1−1.5×IQRQ1 - 1.5 \times \text{IQR}

Upper bound formula (IQR method)

Q3+1.5×IQRQ3 + 1.5 \times \text{IQR}

Cleaning data definition

Addressing issues in data for accurate analysis

Robust statistic less sensitive to outliers

Median

Methods to impute missing data

Mean, median, or mode

Standardisation values

Mean of 00 and standard deviation of 11

Normalisation range

Between 00 and 11

Outlier criterion using standard deviation

22 standard deviations from mean

Standard deviation boundary formula

xˉ±2σ\bar{x} \pm 2\sigma

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