Covalent network

Covalent network

Definition:

• Covalent networks are extensive, rigid three-dimensional structures of atoms connected by strong covalent bonds. Elements such as boron, carbon, and silicon can form covalent networks.

Strong Covalent Bonds:

• Covalent networks are characterised by the presence of exceptionally strong covalent bonds, where atoms share electrons to achieve stability.

High Melting Points:

• Covalent network compounds typically have high melting points because the strong covalent bonds require a significant amount of energy to break.
• Example: Diamond and graphite, both made of carbon atoms in covalent networks, have exceptionally high melting points.

Examples:

• Diamond: Each carbon atom in a diamond forms strong covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement, creating a rigid crystal lattice with remarkable hardness and brilliance.
• Graphite: In graphite, carbon atoms are bonded in hexagonal layers, with weak interlayer forces. This structure allows for easy sliding of layers, making graphite an excellent lubricant and conductor of electricity.

Properties:

• Covalent network compounds tend to be hard, and non-conductive (except for graphite) and have unique physical properties due to their strong covalent bonds and crystalline structures.

Summary:

• Covalent network structures consist of atoms interconnected by strong covalent bonds, resulting in high melting points and unique properties. Examples include diamond and graphite, both made of carbon atoms in covalent networks, with distinct structures and applications.