Metallic bonding

Metallic bonding

Definition:

• Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that occurs between the atoms of metal elements such as lithium, beryllium, sodium, magnesium, aluminium, and calcium. It involves the interaction between the positive metal ions and the delocalised (free-to-move) electrons.

Delocalised Electrons:

• In metallic bonding, the outer electrons of metal atoms become delocalised, meaning they are not fixed to any particular atom but are free to move throughout the entire metal structure.

Electrostatic Attraction:

• Metallic bonding is characterised by the electrostatic force of attraction between the positive metal ions (cations) and the negatively charged delocalised electrons.

Sea of Electrons:

• The delocalised electrons in metallic bonding are often referred to as a "sea of electrons" because they form a mobile and evenly distributed electron cloud throughout the metal lattice.

Conductivity of Electricity:

• The presence of delocalised electrons allows metal elements to conduct electricity effectively. When a voltage is applied, these mobile electrons can carry electrical current.

Regular Array:

• In a metal lattice, the metal nuclei (positive ions) are closely packed in a regular and repeating pattern, which contributes to the strength and stability of metals.

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Metallic bonding

Summary:

• Metallic bonding involves the interaction between positively charged metal ions and delocalised electrons. This unique bonding enables metals to have properties such as electrical conductivity and malleability, making them essential materials for various applications.