Genetic Engineering (OCR GCSE Biology A, Combined (Gateway Science Suite)): Flashcards
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Definition of genetic engineering
Definition of genetic engineering
Altering genetic material by introducing a gene from another organism to give it a desired characteristic
Enzyme used to cut DNA in genetic engineering
Enzyme used to cut DNA in genetic engineering
Restriction enzymes
What are sticky ends?
What are sticky ends?
Unpaired bases created when DNA is cut by restriction enzymes
Type of circular DNA used as a vector
Type of circular DNA used as a vector
Plasmid
Enzyme that joins gene to plasmid
Enzyme that joins gene to plasmid
DNA ligase enzymes
What is a plasmid with an inserted gene called?
What is a plasmid with an inserted gene called?
Recombinant plasmid
Purpose of antibiotic resistance marker in plasmid
Purpose of antibiotic resistance marker in plasmid
Identifies successful genetic modifications
Type of plant cells used for genetic modification
Type of plant cells used for genetic modification
Meristematic (unspecialised) cells
Two traits GM crops are engineered for
Two traits GM crops are engineered for
Insect resistance and herbicide tolerance
What is gene therapy?
What is gene therapy?
Introducing normal genes into cells to correct genetic disorders by producing correct proteins
Example of hormone produced by GM bacteria
Example of hormone produced by GM bacteria
Insulin for diabetes treatment
Nutritional benefit of GM crops
Nutritional benefit of GM crops
Crops with added vitamins where nutrients are scarce
Environmental risk of GM crops
Environmental risk of GM crops
Might reduce biodiversity in wild plants and insects
Resistance risk from GM crops
Resistance risk from GM crops
Could create super weeds and pests