Lifestyle & Non-Communicable Diseases (OCR GCSE Biology A, Combined (Gateway Science Suite)): Flashcards
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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
Diseases not infectious & can't be passed person to person
Impact of NCDs on working-age populations
Impact of NCDs on working-age populations
Reduce productivity & hinder economic growth
Diet factor that increases cardiovascular disease risk
Diet factor that increases cardiovascular disease risk
High saturated fats & cholesterol
Examples of environmental risk factors for disease
Examples of environmental risk factors for disease
Asbestos fibres or UV rays from sun
Substance in body that increases heart disease risk
Substance in body that increases heart disease risk
High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol
Correlation between two factors
Correlation between two factors
When two factors increase or decrease together
Causal mechanism
Causal mechanism
Explanation of how one factor directly influences another
How smoking causes lung cancer (causal mechanism)
How smoking causes lung cancer (causal mechanism)
Smoking damages lung cells, leading to cancer
Effect of LDL cholesterol on cardiovascular system
Effect of LDL cholesterol on cardiovascular system
Blocked arteries & increased blood pressure
How obesity leads to Type 2 Diabetes
How obesity leads to Type 2 Diabetes
Impairs cells' ability to absorb sugar, raising blood sugar
Effect of excessive alcohol on liver
Effect of excessive alcohol on liver
Causes fatty liver, may progress to liver failure
Effect of alcohol on brain
Effect of alcohol on brain
Damages nerve cells, affecting cognitive function
How smoking damages lungs
How smoking damages lungs
Damages cells lining the lungs
Effects of smoking & alcohol during pregnancy
Effects of smoking & alcohol during pregnancy
Low birth weight & developmental issues in unborn child
Carcinogens
Carcinogens
Substances (e.g., ionising radiation, chemicals) that damage DNA & lead to cancer