DNA Structure (OCR GCSE Biology A (Gateway Science Suite)): Flashcards
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What type of molecule is DNA?
What type of molecule is DNA?
Polymer of nucleotides
Where is DNA organized in the cell?
Where is DNA organized in the cell?
Chromosomes in nucleus
Three components of a nucleotide
Three components of a nucleotide
Sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, nitrogenous base
What are the four DNA bases?
What are the four DNA bases?
Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Thymine (T)
Adenine pairs with
Adenine pairs with
Thymine (T)
Cytosine pairs with
Cytosine pairs with
Guanine (G)
What is a codon?
What is a codon?
Group of three bases coding for an amino acid
How many different types of amino acids are there?
How many different types of amino acids are there?
20
Function of non-coding DNA
Function of non-coding DNA
Regulates gene expression (turns genes on/off)
Two main stages of protein synthesis
Two main stages of protein synthesis
Transcription and translation
What happens during transcription?
What happens during transcription?
mRNA formed from DNA template in nucleus
What happens during translation?
What happens during translation?
Ribosome reads mRNA, tRNA brings amino acids
Insertion mutation
Insertion mutation
Extra base added, shifts sequence
Deletion mutation
Deletion mutation
Base removed, shifts sequence
Substitution mutation
Substitution mutation
One base replaced with another