Genetic Engineering (OCR GCSE Biology A (Gateway Science Suite)): Flashcards
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Genetic engineering definition
Genetic engineering definition
Altering genetic material by introducing a gene from another organism to give desired characteristic
Enzyme used to cut out genes in genetic engineering
Enzyme used to cut out genes in genetic engineering
Restriction enzymes
What are sticky ends?
What are sticky ends?
Unpaired bases created when DNA is cut by restriction enzymes
Vector type used in genetic engineering (circular DNA)
Vector type used in genetic engineering (circular DNA)
Plasmid
Enzyme that joins sticky ends together
Enzyme that joins sticky ends together
DNA ligase enzymes
What is a recombinant plasmid?
What is a recombinant plasmid?
Plasmid with inserted gene from another organism
Role of antibiotic resistance in genetic engineering
Role of antibiotic resistance in genetic engineering
Identifies bacteria with successful gene modifications
Cell type used for GM plants
Cell type used for GM plants
Meristematic (unspecialised) cells
Substance bacteria are engineered to produce
Substance bacteria are engineered to produce
Insulin for diabetes treatment
Gene therapy definition
Gene therapy definition
Introduction of normal genes to correct genetic disorders by producing correct proteins
Two benefits of GM crops
Two benefits of GM crops
Insect resistance & herbicide tolerance → higher yields
Environmental risk of GM crops
Environmental risk of GM crops
Might reduce biodiversity by affecting wild plants & insects
Resistance risk of GM crops
Resistance risk of GM crops
Could create super weeds & pests resistant to pesticides
Nutritional benefit of genetic engineering
Nutritional benefit of genetic engineering
Crops with added vitamins in areas where nutrients are scarce