A. Mass Movement (i) Name one type of mass movement - Junior Cycle Geography - Question A - 2010

Landslides occur when the stability of a slope is compromised, leading to the downward movement of rock and soil. Several factors can contribute to this process:

1. Gravity: The primary force acting on the materials on a slope, pulling them downwards.

2. Water Saturation: Heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt increases the water content in the soil. When soil becomes saturated, it loses its cohesion, making it more susceptible to sliding. The added weight and reduced friction facilitate the movement.

3. Slope Angle: Steeper slopes are more prone to landslides. As the angle of the slope increases, the gravitational force acting on the materials increases, enhancing the likelihood of failure.

4. Soil Composition: Different soil types have varying levels of cohesion. For example, clay-rich soils can retain water, decreasing friction and increasing the risk of landslides when saturated.

In conclusion, landslides are complex events influenced by geological, hydrological, and gravitational factors.