Plate Tectonics (i) State whether each of the following features is formed as a result of plates colliding or plates separating: (a) Mid-ocean ridge (b) Volcano (c) Fold mountain (ii) Explain, with the aid of a labelled diagram, how any one of the features listed in part (i) above was formed. - Junior Cycle Geography - Question 1A - 2019

A Volcano is formed as a result of plates colliding and also from plates separating.

Fold mountains are formed as a result of plates colliding.

To explain how a Fold mountain is formed, we can use the following diagram:

Explanation of Formation

Fold mountains are typically formed at convergent plate boundaries where two tectonic plates collide. As the plates push against each other, the sedimentary rocks at the edge of the plates get compressed and folded.<br> This compression leads to the uplifting of the older rock layers, creating high mountain ranges.

• Stage 1: Initial collision of tectonic plates leads to pressure build-up.
• Stage 2: Sedimentary layers begin to buckle and fold under immense pressure.
• Stage 3: Continued collision leads to significant elevation and the formation of rugged peaks and valleys.

This process can take millions of years, ultimately leading to the formation of major mountain ranges such as the Himalayas.