Plate Tectonics (i) State whether each of the following features is formed as a result of plates colliding or plates separating: (a) Mid-ocean ridge (b) Volcano (c) Fold mountain (ii) Explain, with the aid of a labelled diagram, how any one of the features listed in part (i) above was formed. - Junior Cycle Geography - Question 1A - 2019

A volcano can be formed as a result of either plates separating or plates colliding. When plates separate, magma can rise to the surface, leading to volcanic activity. Alternatively, when plates collide, one plate may be forced beneath another, creating pressure that can also result in volcanic eruptions.

Fold mountains are formed as a result of plates colliding. When two continental plates converge, they push against each other, leading to the folding of the Earth's crust and the creation of mountain ranges.

For example, when discussing the formation of a fold mountain:

1. Labelled Diagram: Draw a diagram showing two continental plates converging, leading to the upward folding of the crust. The diagram should illustrate the compression forces acting on the plates.

2. Formation Explanation: The formation of fold mountains occurs over millions of years. When two continental plates collide, the intense pressure causes the sediments and rocks at the edges to buckle and fold, creating high mountain ranges. The ongoing tectonic activity can further elevate these mountains. Over time, erosion can modify their shape, but the fundamental formation is due to the collision of tectonic plates.